This report by the Legal Aid Forum (LAF) examines how far Rwanda's expropriation framework, mainly Law No. 32/2015 relating to expropriation in the public interest, is respected in practice. It builds on LAF's 2015 assessment. The evidence comes from a mixed-methods study carried out between December 2021 and March 2022: a household survey of 1,248 expropriated households in five districts (Gasabo, Bugesera, Muhanga, Musanze and Rubavu), plus key informant interviews and focus group discussions. This is complemented by a later review of court decisions (2013–2025) and official data on compensation arrears.